Trocar Placement
Trocar placement. The supraumbilical trocar and the right subcostal trocar are placed 15 cm from the xiphoid, the left subcostal trocar about 10 cm from the xiphoid. The epigastric trocar is placed as high as the liver edge allows and as lateral as the fa
Laparoscopic Treatment of GERD and Hiatal Hernia
Trocar placement for laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Five 10-mm trocars are generally used, but the two lateral retraction ports, and occasionally others can be downsized to 5 mm with appropriate instrumentation.